{"id":140,"date":"2008-11-17T14:01:51","date_gmt":"2008-11-17T19:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.arpinphilately.com\/blog\/le-penny-black-comment-determiner-sa-valeur\/fr\/"},"modified":"2018-11-23T13:46:09","modified_gmt":"2018-11-23T18:46:09","slug":"le-penny-black-comment-determiner-sa-valeur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.arpinphilately.com\/fr\/le-penny-black-comment-determiner-sa-valeur\/","title":{"rendered":"Le \u00ab\u00a0Penny Black\u00a0\u00bb – Comment d\u00e9terminer sa valeur?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"1840<\/a>Comme la plupart des collectionneurs le savent d\u00e9j\u00e0, le \u00abPenny Black<\/a>\u00bb est le premier timbre postal pr\u00e9pay\u00e9 de l’histoire, et il a vu le jour le 1er mai 1840 lorsqu’il fut \u00e9mis par la Grande Bretagne. Ce timbre est tr\u00e8s populaire due \u00e0 sa signification, et suite \u00e0 mon article Quels sont les timbres les plus rares et populaires du monde?<\/a>, j’ai re\u00e7u beaucoup de commentaires\u00a0concernant sa valeur. Eh bien, essayons d’en apprendre un peu plus \u00e0 propos de l’histoire de ce timbre et ce qui d\u00e9termine sa valeur.
\n<\/p>\n

Raret\u00e9<\/strong>
\nLe \u00abPenny Black<\/a>\u00bb n’est pas des plus rares puisque 68,808,000 timbres furent \u00e9mis, oui 68 million! En plus, bon nombre de ceux-ci ont surv\u00e9cu jusqu’\u00e0 nos jours puisque l’usage d’enveloppes n’\u00e9tait pas encore courant. \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque lorsqu’une lettre \u00e9tait pr\u00eate \u00e0 acheminer, on la pliait et la scellait avec de la cire, ensuite le timbre et l’adresse \u00e9taient inscrits sur une face du papier de la lettre qui venait d’\u00eatre plier en 3. Donc, chaque fois qu’une de ces lettres \u00e9tait archiv\u00e9e dans un bureau d’avocat, ou une banque etc., la lettre, le sceau de cire, le timbre et l’adresse \u00e9taient pr\u00e9serv\u00e9 dans un seul document.<\/p>\n

\"penny-black-Filigrane-petite-couronne\"<\/strong><\/a>
\nFiligrane petite couronne<\/em><\/p>\n

Planches de gravure
\n<\/strong>Les timbres furent imprim\u00e9s par feuilles de 240, \u00e0 partir de planches de gravure en m\u00e9tal, sur du papier avec gomme \u00e0 l’endos, et avec un filigrane illustrant une petite couronne. Ils \u00e9taient imperfor\u00e9s et devaient \u00eatre d\u00e9coup\u00e9s avec des ciseaux. Au fil des ans, du \u00e0 un usage excessif, onze diff\u00e9rentes planches de gravure furent utilis\u00e9s (la planche 1 est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement identifi\u00e9e comme planche 1a ou planche 1b), et c’est possible de diff\u00e9rencier quelle planche a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pour chaque timbre dans presque tous les cas par certaines petites caract\u00e9ristiques. Par exemple : la position des lettres aux coins inf\u00e9rieurs, la pr\u00e9sence de l’erreur \u00abO\u00bb, lesquelles des rayures d’\u00e9toiles dans les coins sup\u00e9rieurs sont bris\u00e9es. Tout ceci peut contribuer \u00e0 une bonne identification, mais de la litt\u00e9rature sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e sur ce sujet est aussi requise. Il y a des planches plus rares que d’autres, la planche 11 est la plus rare puisqu’au d\u00e9part elle \u00e9tait seulement destin\u00e9e pour les nouveaux timbres rouges. Seulement 16, 800 timbres furent imprim\u00e9s \u00e0 partir de cette planche, et ils sont tr\u00e8s rares aujourd’hui.<\/p>\n

Penny Black Planches de gravure<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

# Plaque<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

Date<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\nNumbre \u00e9mis<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1a, 1b<\/span><\/td>\n15 avr 1840<\/span><\/td>\n10,052,400<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/span><\/td>\n22 avr 1840<\/span><\/td>\n7,659,120<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/span><\/td>\n9 mai 1840<\/span><\/td>\n4,786,800<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/span><\/td>\n19 mai 1840<\/span><\/td>\n6,701,760<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/span><\/td>\n1 juin 1840<\/span><\/td>\n8,616,480<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/span><\/td>\n17 juin 1840<\/span><\/td>\n9,095,040<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/span><\/td>\n8 juil 1840<\/span><\/td>\n8,137,680<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/span><\/td>\n31 juil 1840<\/span><\/td>\n7,180,320<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/span><\/td>\n9 nov 1840<\/span><\/td>\n3,840,000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/span><\/td>\n9 d\u00e9c 1840<\/span><\/td>\n1,920,000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/span><\/td>\n27 jan 1841<\/span><\/td>\n168,000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Oblit\u00e9ration
\n<\/strong>Un cachet sp\u00e9cial fut cr\u00e9e pour oblit\u00e9r\u00e9 ces timbres. Surnomm\u00e9 \u00abla croix de Malte\u00bb il \u00e9tait noir \u00e0 l’origine, mais puisque c’\u00e9tait difficile de voir une oblit\u00e9ration noire sur une timbre noir, la couleur de l’oblit\u00e9ration fut chang\u00e9e pour la couleur rouge. Plusieurs timbres usag\u00e9s de l’\u00e9poque ont des oblit\u00e9rations tr\u00e8s s\u00e9v\u00e8res pour emp\u00eacher leur r\u00e9utilisation. Les autorit\u00e9s postales \u00e9tant pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par le lavage chimique des oblit\u00e9rations, le \u00abPenny Black<\/a>\u00bb devint donc rouge \u00ab Penny Red \u00bb avec une oblit\u00e9ration noire. Il fut donc beaucoup plus difficile d’enlever du noir d’un timbre rouge! Les timbres usag\u00e9s avec une l\u00e9g\u00e8re oblit\u00e9ration apportent un prix sup\u00e9rieur compar\u00e9 \u00e0 des timbres avec une oblit\u00e9ration prononc\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\"Penny<\/a>\"Penny<\/a>
\nPenny Black, Croix de malte rouge \/ Penny red, croix de malte noire<\/em><\/p>\n

Lettres aux coins
\n<\/strong>Comme je l’ai d\u00e9j\u00e0 mentionn\u00e9, les timbres \u00e9taient imprim\u00e9s sur des feuilles de 240 (20 timbres x 12 timbres). Des lettres \u00e9taient imprim\u00e9es sur le timbre aux deux coins inf\u00e9rieurs, et ces lettres correspondaient \u00e0 sa position sur la planche. Commen\u00e7ant avec AA, AB, AC…jusqu’\u00e0 AL pour la rang\u00e9e du haut, et BA \u00e0 BL pour la deuxi\u00e8me rang\u00e9e, et ainsi de suite jusqu’\u00e0 la vingti\u00e8me rang\u00e9e qui allait de TA \u00e0 TL. Diff\u00e9rentes combinaisons de lettres furent employ\u00e9es avec le temps. Un \u00abPenny Black\u00bb avec les lettres aux coins \u00abJF\u00bb est montr\u00e9 ci-dessous, ainsi que sa position sur la feuille.
\n\"penny-black-jf-position.gif\"<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

AA<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

AB<\/span><\/td>\nAC<\/span><\/td>\nAD<\/span><\/td>\nAE<\/span><\/td>\nAF<\/span><\/td>\nAG<\/span><\/td>\nAH<\/span><\/td>\nAI<\/span><\/td>\nAJ<\/span><\/td>\nAK<\/span><\/td>\nAL<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BA<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nBL<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CA<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nCL<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DA<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nDL<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EA<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nEL<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FA<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nFL<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GA<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nGL<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HA<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nHL<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IA<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nIL<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JA<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nJF<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nJL<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
etc<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\netc<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SA<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nSL<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TA<\/span><\/td>\nTB<\/span><\/td>\nTC<\/span><\/td>\nTD<\/span><\/td>\nTE<\/span><\/td>\nTF<\/span><\/td>\nTG<\/span><\/td>\nTH<\/span><\/td>\nTI<\/span><\/td>\nTJ<\/span><\/td>\nTK<\/span><\/td>\nTL<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n


\nPrincipaux facteurs d\u00e9terminant la valeur
\n1-<\/strong> La condition du timbre et son centrage par rapport aux marges. Un timbre neuf vaut g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement plus qu’un timbre usag\u00e9. Le nombre, grandeur et r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 des marges affecte beaucoup la valeur. Les timbres n’\u00e9taient pas perfor\u00e9s et on devait les s\u00e9par\u00e9s au ciseau, c’\u00e9tait donc tr\u00e8s facile de couper un peu trop pr\u00e8s de la marge ou m\u00eame de trancher une partie du dessin \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que seulement 1mm s\u00e9parait 2 timbres. Un timbre bien centr\u00e9 sur deux de ces quatre marges est condition moyenne. Mais certains collectionneurs sont pr\u00eats \u00e0 payer une importante prime pour quatre belles marges \u00e9gales.
\n2-<\/strong> La planche utilis\u00e9e lors de l’impression.
\n3-<\/strong> L’apparence g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du timbre. Un d\u00e9faut tel qu’une d\u00e9chirure, un amincissement, un pli ou une tache peut diminuer de beaucoup sa valeur.<\/p>\n

Conclusion
\n<\/strong>Le \u00abPenny Black<\/a>\u00bb est relativement accessible sur le march\u00e9 philat\u00e9lique d’aujourd’hui. Par contre, due \u00e0 sa signification dans l’histoire, ce timbre en bonne condition est en forte demande par les collectionneurs ce contribue \u00e0 sa augmenter valeur. Il est donc difficile d’\u00e9valuer la valeur puisque certains collectionneurs seront optimistes et d’autres pessimistes (ou r\u00e9alistes). En 2009, un \u00abPenny Black<\/a>\u00bb usag\u00e9 en mauvaise condition peut co\u00fbter aussi peu que 20$ et 300$ en condition moyenne. Un timbre neuf, compte tenu de la qualit\u00e9 de sa colle et de son centrage, se vendra plut\u00f4t entre 1000$ \u00e0 7000$, avec un prix continuellement \u00e0 la hausse. Remarquez le contraste important avec un \u00abPenny Red\u00bb qui ne vaut que 20$ usag\u00e9 et 450$ \u00e0 l’\u00e9tat neuf!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Comme la plupart des collectionneurs le savent d\u00e9j\u00e0, le \u00abPenny Black\u00bb est le premier timbre postal pr\u00e9pay\u00e9 de l’histoire, et il a vu le jour le 1er mai 1840 lorsqu’il fut \u00e9mis par la Grande Bretagne. Ce timbre est tr\u00e8s populaire due \u00e0 sa signification, et suite \u00e0 mon article Quels sont les timbres les … Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"generate_page_header":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-timbres","infinite-scroll-item"],"yoast_head":"\nLe "Penny Black" - Comment d\u00e9terminer sa valeur? - L'\u00c9cho du Philat\u00e9liste<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.arpinphilately.com\/fr\/le-penny-black-comment-determiner-sa-valeur\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le "Penny Black" - Comment d\u00e9terminer sa valeur?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Comme la plupart des collectionneurs le savent d\u00e9j\u00e0, le \u00abPenny Black\u00bb est le premier timbre postal pr\u00e9pay\u00e9 de l'histoire, et il a vu le jour le 1er mai\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.arpinphilately.com\/fr\/le-penny-black-comment-determiner-sa-valeur\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"L'\u00c9cho du Philat\u00e9liste\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/arpinphilately\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2008-11-17T19:01:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-11-23T18:46:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.arpinphilately.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/10\/penny_black.thumbnail.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Daniel Arpin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Daniel Arpin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.arpinphilately.com\\\/fr\\\/le-penny-black-comment-determiner-sa-valeur\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.arpinphilately.com\\\/fr\\\/le-penny-black-comment-determiner-sa-valeur\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Daniel Arpin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.arpinphilately.com\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/87ed7a4d98b4265149d243a844c685e8\"},\"headline\":\"Le \u00ab\u00a0Penny Black\u00a0\u00bb – Comment d\u00e9terminer sa valeur?\",\"datePublished\":\"2008-11-17T19:01:51+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-11-23T18:46:09+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.arpinphilately.com\\\/fr\\\/le-penny-black-comment-determiner-sa-valeur\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1007,\"commentCount\":9,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.arpinphilately.com\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.arpinphilately.com\\\/fr\\\/le-penny-black-comment-determiner-sa-valeur\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.arpinphilately.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2007\\\/10\\\/penny_black.thumbnail.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Timbres\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.arpinphilately.com\\\/fr\\\/le-penny-black-comment-determiner-sa-valeur\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.arpinphilately.com\\\/fr\\\/le-penny-black-comment-determiner-sa-valeur\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.arpinphilately.com\\\/fr\\\/le-penny-black-comment-determiner-sa-valeur\\\/\",\"name\":\"Le \\\"Penny Black\\\" - Comment d\u00e9terminer sa valeur? 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